Author Archives: sdemas@carleton.edu

Field notes: Reflections on writing a guidebook to US Huts

Two researchers in the field at Rendezvous Huts

Doing it – the actual “research”: traveling the trails, talking with folks along the way, and cooking, sleeping and dreaming in the huts – was magical.  And while writing intensively to meet the manuscript deadlines was a welcome project during the pandemic, scribbling field notes daily in huts and on trail was more fun!  The book, tentatively titled Hut-to-hut in the USA: a guide for walkers, skiers, bikers and dreamers will be published by Mountaineers Books in fall 2021.

After 4 years of intensively studying huts and building a website, I shifted gears in 2018, putting the website on hold and focusing on filling in the blanks and organizing what I’d already learned.  I wanted to shape it into a substantive introduction for Americans to the idea and reality of hut to hut traverses.  Altogether, writing the book was a marvelous outdoors, logistical, social and intellectual adventure!  Now, with the manuscript submitted and copy-edited, the hardest parts are done. I’m indulging in some reflection on the process.  Here is an uncharacteristically personal account of the project that has been keeping me busy the past two years.

Proposing a partnership

The book idea germinated on a backpacking trip in Yellowstone in August 2017.  After the trauma of my Dad’s decline and death and mom’s sad move from Minnesota to be with my sister, my partner Laurel and I embarked on a six-week head-clearing trip out west.  While we spent days hiking, swimming, and relaxing in and around our backcountry camp at Heart Lake, I reflected on my immersion in hut studies.  I had visited most US hut systems, written dozens of articles, trip reports, and operational profiles.  Perhaps inevitably, after 45 years as an academic librarian – it became clear that I wanted to write a book! 

I’d never written a book.  Writing — though I do a lot of it –, is not my strongest suit.  But I happen to be married to a voracious reader, clear and efficient writer, and ace editor.  Could I persuade her to join me? 

Sam and Laurel in Rockies

After all, she was my eager, constant, and capable companion in planning and travelling hut-to-hut around the world.  One afternoon as we lounged in a hot spring infused, mineral-rich creek, I told her about the book idea.  I carefully proposed an equal partnership in writing the first book to paint a picture of huts in the USA.  Newly retired, did she have some big projects in mind?  If not, since she’d be coming on the trips anyway, why not enter into the “research”?  Ever the incrementalist, she responded, “You don’t even have a publisher yet.  Ask me again when you have one.”  That was enough.  On return home I sent out a query letter and developed a detailed book proposal; Laurel reviewed it and made suggestions.  I selected Mountaineers Books (Seattle) – a non-profit with author-friendly copyright policies, and the oldest US publisher of guidebooks.  Moreover, they were the best choice because I’d discovered — while spending a day in the stacks in the mountaineering section at Harvard’s Widener Library — that they have a history of publishing substantive books introducing new outdoor recreation forms to American audiences.  Laurel and I then took off for three months in New Zealand.  Emerging from a glorious week-long traverse among the historic huts of Kaharanghui National Park, there was an email saying the Mountaineers agreed a book on American huts was needed. 

By then Laurel had warmed to the idea and agreed to partner on the project with one proviso, “I won’t enter into your world as a hut nut.”  That was fine with me.  One fanatic is enough.

Two years of “research”

Our research protocol was simple: study maps, trek every system in the mode for which it is best known, talk with lots of people along the way, read everything relevant. Basically try to get a full sense of each hut system.

Visited lots of Anasazi ruins while on Sierra Club Service Trip at Bears Ears Monument

We hiked, skied and biked more than 620 miles, touring more than 20 hut systems in a dozen states.  The continuous planning and navigation of trips was occasionally intense, but what a great way to see the country and meet lots of interesting people!  Along the way we visited family and friends and occasionally participated in Sierra Club Service Trips, for which Laurel is camp cook.  We re-visited all the hut systems we’d previously experienced over the years; and in the end we visited half of the hut systems two or more times.  Except in the three largest systems, we were able to visit every hut and ski most of the trails.  Talking with the owners/operators was especially informative, and we have now personally met all of these great pioneers in American recreation!  We learned the stories of how these systems came to be and met many founders. We recruited friends and family to join us, benefitting from their unique perspectives. 

Ben Nelson of Rendezvous Huts, right, with a few of the crowd who gathered at coffee shop, including former owner John…..

Along the way we met lots of folks in huts, on trail, on the road, in coffee shops and bookstores, etc.  Many asked, “Have you hiked this trail or seen this cabin, or have you met so-and-so?”.  These chance meetings, suggestions and introductions created a rich trail of bread crumbs.  We happily followed these to some really cool people and places, and got a peek into many interesting subcultures around the country.  The mountain communities in particular were woven with tight knit connections. These led to gatherings in coffee shops and over meals to talk about how these towns had forged trail systems, trail networks, and hut systems.  We learned that backcountry ski hut systems were often developed as alternatives to the overwhelming commercialism of destination ski resorts. And gratifying to see how much support they had from locals. 

Leyton Jump and the Tetrahedron Huts volunteer family who shared Heifer Hut with us, at Rendezvous Huts in Washington

US huts offer both “by-the-bunk” and “exclusive use” reservations.  We generally prefer by-the-bunk systems because we happen to like the unique “communal living” aspect of sharing space with fellow travelers that we’ve never met.   We frequently end up sharing meals, playing games, and trading stories.  And we almost always learn about something about why people trek, why they like (or occasionally don’t like) huts, and about other huts, trails, parks and places to visit.  Many folks expressed interest in our research, and occasionally invited us to give impromptu talks or lead a discussion about huts.  But mostly it was just informal, mealtime or after-dinner conversation.  Reservations are hard to get in the Rendezvous Huts, but a family kindly agreed to share their hut with us. This made our traverse much easier.  We were traveling with Leyton Jump, who works with the USA’s only all-volunteer hut system (Mt. Tahoma Trails Association).  It turned out this sweet family helps operate an all-volunteer hut system, Tetrahedron Huts, in British Columbia, and we had lots to talk about.  In the AMC huts a trekker urged us to develop a code of ethics for hut operators and publish it in the book.  Talking with staff in the full service huts, mostly young people, was another great way to learn about how people use and respond to huts.

Our favorite AirBnB for writing, with Blanca Peak in background.
Between trips, a highlight was meeting up with hut folks at International Trails Symposium: Jame Wrigley (AMC), Joe and Jack (Adirondacks Hamlets to Huts), Sam, and Mike Kautz (American Prairie Reserve)

After each trek — or after several in a row — we usually treated ourselves to a few days (or more!) in an AirBNB or hostel to wash clothes (and ourselves), rest, and write up our notes.  At the foot of Blanca Peak in SW Colorado we stayed in a remote, rambling old farmhouse for three days, sharing some meals with the owner, and working all day at the big round kitchen table, surrounded by magical light and views of the peak.  Our favorite AirBNB ever!  In less remote rest stops, we visited local libraries, historical societies, chambers of commerce, bookstores, coffee shops and bars as part of our research.  Salida and Breckenridge Colorado, and Winthrop, Washington in the Methow Valley stand out among our rest stops!  One great pleasure was getting to know more of the remarkable folks who operate US hut systems. They are a talented and inspirational group!

Trials and tribulations, learning curves and lotteries

We fit the profile of our audience, “folks of above average fitness, possessing a spirit of adventure, and solid backcountry skills.”  We are strong hikers and love to ski; but not experienced long distance bikers.  So I borrowed a mountain bike and spent a summer getting into shape for a wonderful five day, 165 mile ride with my brother on the San Juan Huts Telluride to Moab gravel ride.  Alas, due to my inexperience I took only some of the awesome single-track options offered by this route. 

Above: San Juan Huts bike route: well stocked pantry, a hut on wheels (in case of forest fire), and our bunk mates who joined us on the ride.

Skiing was the biggest challenge.  We quickly realized we were in for more skiing than expected and some on quite steep terrain.  Our many years of cross-country skiing had been mostly on small hills and fairly flat terrain in the Northeast and Midwest.  Preparing for a trip on intermediate level traverses in the Tenth Mountain Division Hut System it became clear that our skiing skills (and especially Laurel’s) were barely up to some of the more challenging backcountry skiing in the Rockies.  Wisely we hired a guiding service for the first time in our lives.  Donny and Jimbo of Paragon Guides helped us navigate a four-day version of the Tenth Mountain’s Haute Route.  Laurel bailed halfway through the third day, but I managed to make it up the final 3,000’ climb to Jackal Hut and complete the traverse.  It was an exhausting thrill!

While most of our treks were super fun and satisfying, a few must be classified as adventures or even misadventures!  Skiing yurt-to-yurt through a three-day blizzard (24 inches in one 24 hour period!) in the Never Summer Mountains of Colorado was certainly a test of our mettle (and our trail-breaking ability!).  We learned afterwards that the storm, called “Snowmageddon” by the media, had paralyzed traffic on the interstate between Denver and Fort Collins.  But we were mostly cozy in the yurts.  But on the last night it dropped to 10 below zero and even feeding the fire all night didn’t keep the yurt warm enough for me to sleep (I need a warmer bag!).  When we reached trails end and dug out our rental car, one of the rear windows shattered from the cold.  We sealed it with cardboard and duct tape and carried on to the SW Nordic Center in the San Juan mountains.  We got lost several times and Laurel couldn’t handle the crusty snow conditions.  So we bailed and I went back the next year to do the whole traverse with my brother. 

Doug clearing snow from yurt at Southwest Nordic Center

The project required that I become more adept in using a variety of GPS apps and learn to use the amazing CalTopo site to make map scraps.  This learning curve was alternately fascinating and frustrating.  Honestly, figuring out how best to take detailed notes on trail, and then later write clear and concise turn-by-turn navigation descriptions was not my favorite part of the project.  But now I know how to do it! 

Reservations can be hard to come by.  Even with two years to plan, we had to confront the scarcity of reservations available for some hut-to-hut traverses!  We learned that most hut systems are so popular that one has to book far in advance, get lucky, be very flexible, and/or rely on the kindness of hut operators and other hut guests to piece together an itinerary.  Even this combination of strategies failed us for the High Sierra Camps in Yosemite.  Twice we didn’t get reservations in the highly competitive lottery.  While we did manage twice to get reservations by constantly phoning to check for cancellations, in both years the season was cancelled due to depth of snowpack in the Sierra.  Finally, with our deadline looming, we decided our only remaining option to experience the High Sierra Loop was to backpack it.  While we couldn’t stay in the backcountry tent camps, we camped there; and we were able to stay in the front country tent camp (the tents are very similar) both before and after our glorious six day backpacking trip.

And finally, the pandemic interfered with our research.   It derailed our second trip to Alaska, planned for March/April 2020, to do two cabin-to-cabin ski traverses: Nancy Lakes (Alaska DNR) and White Mountains National Recreation Area (BLM).  Alas, while we had visited both areas on our first Alaska trip, we really wanted to ski the routes and write about them in detail.  Now they are short entries in the “Bonus Hut-to-Hut Traverses” chapter.  And our trip to Adirondacks Hamlets to Huts was twice cancelled due to NY state’s pandemic travel restrictions.  Fortunately, I had participated their first pilot trip in 2018, and used this experience and help from the owners to write about this new remarkable new “hut” system. 

In the end it all worked out! 

History, Culture & Backcountry Skiing in Norway and Sweden

Trip Report by Jack Drury, February 17-March 1, 2019

History, Culture, and Backcountry Skiing in Norway and Sweden

All photos courtesy of Jack Drury. See also a separate photo gallery of additional photos focused on Backcountry skiing and Swedish Tourism Association lodgings. Jack’s ski trip was in the Jamptland Triangle region of Sweden.

Chapter  1 – Origin

Backcountry skiing in Norway and Sweden. My cousin Edie Konesni, a retired  PA (Physician Assistant) on Islesboro, Maine and her son Bennett a talented musician as well as garlic farmer living in Belfast, Maine visited us at Thanksgiving and planted the seeds of a possible trip to Norway. The idea was to attend a community festival and take in Norwegian folk music and dance, passions of Edie and Bennett, and then ski hut to hut for four or five days. The hut-to-hut experience would be great research for my work with Adirondack Hamlets to Huts in developing “hut-to-hut” routes in the Adirondack Park of New York. Round-trip flights looked very reasonable at under $500. The challenge was to find dates that would work for us all and get me back in time for maple syrup season as I operate a small sugarbush and mother nature determines when the sap runs.

I felt the need to be back by the first of March and Edie and Bennett were willing to work around that date. Bennett was keen to attend the Rørosmartnan or market festival in the town of Røros, a small former copper mining community of 5,600 located midway up Norway along the border with Sweden. Bennett is a student of Norwegian folk fiddle music and hoped to find fellow fiddlers to play with. Edie is an accomplished folk dancer and was looking forward to finding opportunities to learn some Norwegian folk dances.

The trip to Røros came together quickly as the market festival started February 19 and we wanted to see the opening ceremonies. So we planned a February 17 departure date from New York with a day to travel from Oslo to Røros by train. We purchased one-way tickets and started researching hut-to-hut options in the area.

As we started our research it was clear that there were lots of “huts” in the area but a number of things emerged. We were early for the typical ski season because it was still usually pretty frigid until mid-March and second, many of the huts didn’t even open until then. A Swedish friend of Bennett’s suggested we look on the Swedish side of the border and all of a sudden more opportunities started to come into focus. I studied an online topo map of Sweden along with the location of fjällstations or mountain stations and after considerable study came up with a possible route. After all my research it turns out I had stumbled onto one of the most popular hiking routes in central Sweden called the Jämtland Triangle, Jämtland being the region or state we were traveling in. I also stumbled on to the Swedish Tourism Association’s website which I thought was a government agency. It wasn’t until we got to Sweden and stayed in their “huts” that I realized it was, as they described it, “An association of committed people who seek discoveries off the beaten track, deeper into the forests, and higher up the mountain.” They operate nearly 300 lodgings ranging from hotels, to hostels, mountain stations, and mountain cabins. Edie made reservations for us to stay at three different fjällstations including a night at the same one the first and last night of our trip and a layover day at the second lodging. We were set! There were some minor train connections to arrange but we had a good plan and were excited to have a trip that included a rich cultural/historical experience in Røros, Norway and an adventurous hut-to-hut cross-country ski experience in Jämtland, Sweden. Edie and I arranged to fly home from Östersund, Sweden via London to Boston where she would fly to Augusta, ME and I would fly to Saranac Lake, NY. Bennett was to stay in Sweden for further adventures.

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Village-to-village trekking in Thailand and Laos

Village to-Village Trekking in Thailand and Laos

Trip report and musings

While in SE Asia recently we did two short guided treks to get a taste of the mountainous backcountry and some brief exposure to life in hill-tribe villages.  While these were standard adventure tourist treks organized by local guide companies, they take you to real working villages, not the increasing numbers of touristy villages passed off as authentic catering to mass tourism.  While most tourists would not enjoy these very simple, low-amenity, “home stay” accommodations, such treks are great for folks who want to get a sense of authentic, off the beaten-path, village life.  We loved it!

Such treks provide an escape from the crowded cities and mass tourism hub-bub that appears to engulf much of Thailand.  In less developed Laos, we experienced the feel of even more remote villages.  In both countries we loved the experience of walking through forests and mountains, meeting some people along the way, and learning a bit about overnight accommodations and ecotourism, and about local natural history, agriculture, food-ways, spiritual life, and rural sociology.  While participating in such invasive eco-tourism is mildly discomfiting, it provides a visceral shift in perspective.  Reminded us of our village-to-village trek in Morroco’s Atlas mountains. Following is a brief description of these two SE Asian trips, both of which we highly recommend for tourists with a taste for what seems to be called “adventure travel” in the world of ecotourism. 

Thailand: Doi Inthanon National Park

The three-day, two-night trek was operated by Green Tours out of Chiang Mai.  It was pretty easy walking for fit hikers, covering about 11-15 km daily on hilly terrain with occasional steep spots.  Our guide, Taksin, was friendly, spoke English well and was easy to talk with, and was knowledgeable in assuring our safety and comfort.  The trek is mostly within the Doi Inthanon National Park (482 sq. km), one of the most popular of Thailand’s 127 national parks.  We carried day packs with a change of clothes, water and a small portion of the food.  

We were picked up at our hotel at 8AM and went to a bustling market with our guide to shop for provisions for the trip.  The 2-3 hour drive to Doi Inthanon gave us a glimpse of Chiang Mai suburbs, gradually giving way to less developed terrain before reaching the busy National Park.  Selfie-taking tourists from around the world flocked to the spectacular waterfalls and visited the monumental King and Queen twin cheddi (stupa, a type of temple) built below the summit of Doi Inthanon, the highest mountain in Thailand (8415 feet). 

Doi Inthanon is a fascinating instance of the world-wide challenge of conserving natural areas while allowing the people who occupy these lands to continue their traditional ways and make a living.  The park encompasses a number of villages and several markets, along with many campgrounds, glamping sites, lodges and cottages.  [In addition I saw (but couldn’t get good pictures of) some interesting clusters of huts, some A-framed and some round like a pumpkin! But encountered no hut-to-hut trekking].  The challenge of mixing conservation, tourism and indigenous communities is complicated in Thailand by the shifting presence of multiple tribal groups and government policies concerning commerce in the parks and, more broadly, efforts at village re-location to accomplish a range of rural development aims.  

An endlessly winding (and for me, nausea-inducing) 2.5 hour drive from the busy center of the National Park got us to the village of Shan, where we had lunch and began our first day of walking.

The trails are unmarked and were established by villagers (and their water buffalo) walking to and from fields and markets.  The clay soil was hard baked and the trails clear, but in rainy season (March to June) trails are very slippery.  Following a river for much of the first day we passed through rice paddies (dry at this time of year) with water buffalo grazing on the rice stubble, fruit orchards, and vegetable gardens. 

The first village we stayed in (Hui Khow – Rice River Village) had 39 families (about 200 people), a large school complex used by locals and offering boarding facilities for kids from surrounding villages, electricity, and a road suitable for trucks.  Our Hmong hosts for the night were among the villages who chose not to hook up to electrical service (due to the cost, we were told).  They  lived at the edge of town in a small compound surrounded by their fallow fields, which included a main house, storage building for rice, etc., an outdoor kitchen, an outhouse, a bunk house (where we stayed), and four unfinished small guest huts to expand their ecotourism business. 

We stayed in the bunk house, which had room for about 4 mosquito netting indoor tents, each sleeping two people on a simple pad on the floor with adequate blankets.  Its bring your own toilet paper and really simple accommodations.  We observed and helped with the cooking, enjoyed a few beers and chatted with our guide and haltingly with our host.  The food was mostly Thai (e.g. fish soup, stir fried vegetables with fried rice, though we had scrambled eggs one morning), and nicely flavored with more than ample portions.  They toned down the spice level for us as tourists, but there were always chilis and sauces available at table to punch it up if desired.

The walk to the second village (Hui Hoy – Snail River Village) was through more mature forest in the park, in which we encountered many more species of trees and insects, including large termite mounds.  We had an extra guide who was very familiar with the local trails network and who carried his slingshot and machete along in hopes of finding ingredients for his family’s soup pot that night.  This village was larger and included two Christian churches as well as several Buddhist temples.  Along with the school, these structures seem to be the center of formal community life, along with daily life in the vicinity of the tiny local “convenience stores” at the village center.  The second nights accommodation with a Karen (ethnic group) family overlooked their beautiful sloping rice paddies with mountain views all the way to Myanmar.  The open sided “bunk house” with requisite mosquito netting was lovely place to hang out after the walk, and the ample dining tables provided places to sit and read/write/talk, as well as enjoy our home-cooked dinner (disappointingly, the mother of the house wouldn’t let us help with the cooking!) with our host family and guides.  

Laos: two day trek north of Luang Prabang to Kmhmu village

Operating out of the charming, slow-paced city of Luang Prabang, Tiger Trails offers this brief trek (the also do longer treks), which was a highlight of our trip.  We met our guides in the city at 8AM and drove an hour north, then transferred to a boat to motor about 35 minutes north on the Nam Kahn River.  Along the way we observed massive infrastructure development underway as part of a major Chinese railroad development (a Belt and Road project).  We started the trek at the village of Hoy Ngen, named for the cold stream tributary to the Nam Kahn with its lush beds of water cress.  This village seemed comparatively prosperous, and had the feel of a fairly recent government rural development initiative, with an impressive school complex and substantial houses.

Outside Hoy Ngen we passed a number of farms and steadily up into the mountains where we got an up-close view of shifting agriculture (aka slash and burn) fields rotated every two years and lie fallow for 4-10 years to regenerate the forest.  Clearing these steep mountainside fields looked like a lot of hard work.  We were amazed to learn that these steep hillsides are planted with upland rice (no paddies).  The sticky rice they produce is prized by locals but, while it can be a cash crop, it is not in great demand in the larger national and international markets for rice.  It wasn’t entirely clear whether they used soil amendments (beyond ash from burning) in this largely subsistence crop system, but it seems unlikely.  Some steep uphill climbing brought us to Tik Pha (Foot-of-the-Mountain), a Hmong settlement where we had a picnic lunch.

The mostly downhill trek to our overnight destination, Hoi Fay (Irrigation-Stream Village), was through a mountainous, thickly vegetated environment with towering, steep-faced mountains towering over us.  We encountered locals foraging and farm fields along the way.  A Kmhmu (largest ethnic group in Laos) village, Hoi Fay has about 400 people and no electricity, other than small solar panels for lights (although a few houses have generators and TV’s and charge villagers to come and watch the tube).  The villagers are mostly old folks and youngsters; the teens and young adults mostly work, live and study in the cities.  There is a school for ages 6-12, but no health center.  There is no temple or church as the people seem to be solely animist in spiritual orientation.  There is a community building where the elected village leaders meet. 

Our hosts were, like most village folks, shy and spoke little or no English.  They had built a long, narrow bunk house with about 6 separate rooms, each with a mosquito net tent and a thin mat and ample blankets.  The indoor kitchen had no ventilation for the two fires and could be quite smoky.  The hosts did the cooking and to our disappointment the guides said it was the custom for them to eat separately with the hosts rather than with us or altogether.  But after dinner we talked into the evening about all manner of topics.  

Musings:

Altogether it was fascinating and sobering to briefly stay in and travel between these remote villages.  Village life is hard and young people are leaving the villages to work and live in cities.  Even in these somewhat remote areas the environmental impact of human activity is pretty profound.  We barely scratched the surface in learning anything about the region and its people.  While our understanding of the following topics is naïve, woefully incomplete, and superficial, these are some of the things that left lasting impressions and/or made me want to return and learn more:

  • Foraging: Our guide Taksin was a very knowledgeable ethnobotanist and pointed out many plants used for kidney and stomach ailments, headache, healing wounds, etc. In our short time in the bush we saw villagers in the bush foraging and hunting:
    • for ant larvae to dry as protein source,
    • temporarily damming small streams to enable foraging for tadpoles, small fish, crawfish, etc.,
    • a broom-like plant to prepare for export to China,
    • using selected roosters tied by the foot as lures to attract wild chickens for hunting,
    • using up bamboo traps to catch rats and prevent their raiding of stored rice and other foodstuffs, and to supplement the soup pot,
    • fish traps in the rivers.
  • Diet: Nearly every family has a pig and some chickens pork is used in many dishes. Sticky rice is grown in upland areas and is favored in rural areas we visited. Widespread use of bamboo shoots in cooking apparently causes stomach upset and kidney problems.
  • House-raising: While on an early morning walk in the village it was interesting to see a man setting up a series of tall posts, which an hour later were the site of a house-raising by a group of about 20 villagers.
  • Forestry: Thailand has apparently largely exhausted much of its timber reserves and buys teak, for example from neighboring countries.
  • Rural development: Village government includes three elected leaders serving four year terms; meetings seem to take place in a designated meeting room. There seem to be government programs in both nations that encourage or require hill tribe villagers to move to villages with schools and health centers, and perhaps to land more suitable for crop production and less fragile. Some of these projects pay for new houses. We were told some villagers move willingly, others resist or refuse to move. In one Lao village we saw at least four vault toilets under construction to help reduce water pollution. Protection of village water supplies seems to be a lever for teaching principles of environmental protection and forest management, and the presence of “ordination trees” is part of an ongoing effort to inculcate an ethos of not cutting trees in protected areas as a means of ensuring clean water supply to villages.
  • Shrines and animism: We encountered nature and ancestor shrines and practices (e.g. plant symbols on doorways) along the way, as well as shrines that seemed to mix these currents of totems to the spirits of plants, animals, places buildings and ancestors.  Animism is a key feature of the culture of the Hmong, Karen and Khmu hill tribe villages we visited.  Our guides were steeped in Animism, including Taksin, who spent 13 years as a Buddhist monk.  Encountering first-hand the deep mixing of Animism and Buddhism was a powerful revelation of something previously only theoretical to me.  It was clear that the belief that plants, animals, rivers, mountains, etc. have souls (or spirits) influenced the world-view of our guides and hosts.  Our contact was so fleeting that I was unable to understand how these beliefs translated into day-to-day human interactions with the environment.  Nevertheless, it seems clear that while animism predisposes people to revere nature, it does not necessarily translate into sound and well-informed environmental practices in agriculture, foraging, and rural life.  This gap between ancient animistic resonances between humans and nature and their effect on day-to-day practices of humans interests me.  On these treks I became intrigued with the potential for updating and incorporating aspects of animism in our 21st century civilizational challenge to bring humans and nature into reciprocal balance. 
  • Local schools: As we walked through a village in Laos we stopped to watch the kids rehearsing a traditional dance routine that apparently is performed at sporting events, replete with patriotic music and flag-waving. [couldn’t figure out how to insert video here]
Thailand and Laos trekking
Animistic shrive to spirits of fungi and the location of a beautiful waterfall.
Rural development exhortation…..
  • Impact of ecotourism: It was not possible to determine the impact of trekkers on these more remote villages, but it appeared minimal. However, our guides had a somewhat disconcerting tendency to joke about the numbers of tourists in the region and how they tried to avoid those places. One was showing us around a temple site and said he would never bring his family to this site during the tourist season. They seemed to be indicating that we were OK and their model of tourism was OK, but that tourism in general was problematic. That was even more true of our guides in the cities. It struck me as a slightly odd posture for out Buddhist guides in terms of the Buddhist principle of “right livelihood”.
  • Trekking business model: The trekking companies seem to rotate their home-stay business among 3-4 village families. Some of these families have been doing this ecotourism hosting for about 20 years, and several seem to have invested in constructing separate bunk rooms in the past 10 years. Formerly trekkers stayed in family homes. It appears the tour operators pay the host family about 15% of the payment received from trekkers for the trip. A portion of this is transferred by the host family to the village coffers per an agreement with the village. The tour operators overhead costs include vehicles for transport, guides, maintaining an outpost for boat transfers when needed, and space rental in the city.
Kev Reynolds

Book Review: The Mountain Hut Book by Kev Reynolds

By Laurel Bradley & Sam Demas

With the Mountain Hut Book, the prolific and trusted guidebook author Kev Reynolds offers an enjoyable and highly informative tour of the hut experience, and recommends some favorite huts and hut to hut traverses.   The book is an invitation to new audiences – outdoor enthusiasts whom the author is convinced will become hut-to-hut hikers once he uncovers mysteries shrouding this venerable pastime.  Hut novices will come away from this delightful prose traverse of alpine huts full of ideas about where they want to go, what to expect, and how to plan a hut trip.

[For a firsthand feel for the book read an excerpt (at the end of this review) from the first chapter.]

What is a hut, anyway?  Reynolds skillfully charts the evolution of alpine huts from primitive mountain shelters to comfortable hostelries “claiming eco-friendly credentials”.  Two definitions frame the subject: Walt Unsworth, Encyclopaedia of Mountaineering, 1992 offers the original definition of huts as shelters for mountaineers: “a mountain hut is a purpose-built refuge situated at some strategically high place in the mountains so that one or more peaks are readily accessible from it.  It may vary in size from a simple bivouac shelter to something resembling a small hotel in size and facilities.”  Contrast this specialized notion of the hut with Reynolds’ modern mountain hut: “A bit like a youth hostel, offering simple, reasonably priced accommodation and meals in a magical setting for visitors taking part in mountain activities.”

The mountain huts Reynolds extolls are far from the rudimentary garden shed or simple wooden cabin that the word “hut” conjures for many.  This book radiates the author’s enthusiasm, and his many positive experiences.  He revels in the architecture: “I love the diversity, the sheer variety of hut buildings.” Photographs, mostly by the author, confirm this observation—readers see small stone huts, large stucco lodges, and a few highly sculptural modernist structures. 

The Mountain Hut Book
Kev Reynolds, courtesy literaryfestivals.co.uk

At the heart of the hut experience is, of course, the gorgeous mountain setting.  As a serious outdoorsman and guide, Reynolds provides perspective on how huts support trekkers, climbers, walkers, and wildlife watchers in indulging their passion for high altitude pursuits day after day.  The experience of taking shelter, and overnighting at the hut is central to this avocation.  Reynolds warmly conveys his appreciation of hut warden hospitality — with delightful sketches of some venerable hut guardians — and conjures the convivial atmosphere of mountain huts.  “Arrival at a hut invariably comes with a sense of relief, for it’s a guarantee of shelter, somewhere to relax, freshen up, slake your thirst and settle the nagging hunger that comes from a long day’s effort.”  Chapter two initiates the reader into the joys of hut life. With friendly conversational prose,  Reynolds provides personal accounts, memories, impressions and information on everything from sleeping and eating, to bathrooms to sociability. 

Mountain Hut Book
Hut conviviality, courtesy Kev Reynolds

While The Mountain Hut Book is not as detailed as many of Reynolds other 50 guidebooks, it provides expert practical direction to those fired up to learn more.  The chapter “Top Ten Huts” highlights a tiny but well chose sampling of these structures, in Switzerland, France, Italy, and Austria.  Not surprisingly, the European Alps are closest to Reynolds’ heart; he started his career as a mountaineer and guide, and has written extensively on hiking, mostly in the high heart of Europe.  “Hut to Hut,” the next chapter, presents a selection of ten classic multi-day routes in order of difficulty.  Illustrated with photographs of massive peaks which dwarf huts below, pristine lakes, verdant meadows, the descriptions are guaranteed to get the reader dreaming about their next walks.  This chapter includes clear maps, brief but useful route descriptions, and practical information including hiking times, level of difficulty and scenic features. Recommended guidebooks, many available from Cicerone Press, include even more detail about these classic walks. 

Plan Sec Hut, Photo by Jonathan Williams, Courtesy Cicerone Press
Triglav Hut, Slovenia, Courtesy Kev Reynolds

Finally, Reynolds sketches in the larger context mountain accommodations. Looking beyond the European alps, he offers brief information about bothies, lodges and huts in other parts of the world.  Reynolds omits information about huts in Greece, Slovenia, Scandinavia, Australia and elsewhere.  His focus is on high mountain huts; the book is not intended as a comprehensive view of huts. Using the European alps as the model, it admirably evokes and explains the mystique of the high alpine hut experience.  The Mountain Hut Book fills a gap in the literature and is highly recommended for purchase as a gift – for ones-self, friends and family – and for purchase by libraries serving communities with interest in the outdoors.

By Laurel Bradley and Sam Demas, January 2019

Excerpt from Chapter 1 of the book, courtesy Cicerone Press:

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New Zealand Huts: Resources and Bibliography

New Zealand Huts Resources and Bibliography

by Sam Demas

(Note: this is part of the larger work New Zealand Huts: Notes towards a Country Study)

Following is a very brief selection of publications, web sites and organizations to begin delving  into the world of New Zealand huts.   There is a rich literature on huts and tramping in NZ, I recommend starting with two indispensable books:

  • Shelter From the Storm by Shaun Barnett, Rob Brown, and Geoff Spearpoint (Craig Potton Publishing, 2012).
  • Tramping a New Zealand History, by Shaun Barnett and Chris Maclean (Craig Potton Publishing, 2014).

The bibliographies and footnotes in these amazing works will immediately lead you deep into the relevant literature. 

[For those interested in more detail than is provided in the components of my own report, but are not yet ready to read a full book, check out my reviews of Shelter from the Storm.]

–>For a brief introduction, even better, read the downloadable reprint of the Introduction to Shelter From the Storm; this essay by Shaun Barnett is an excellent introduction to NZ huts.

Also by Barnett, Brown and Spearpoint A Bunk for the Night: A Guide to New Zealand’s Best Backcountry Huts, Potton & Burton, 2016(?).

Other insightful works on huts and tramping include works by Mark Pickering, notably:

  • A Trampers Journey, Craig Potton Publishing, 2004.
  • Huts: untold stories from back-country NZ, Canterbury University Press, 2010.
  • The Hills, Heinemann Reid, 1988.

Golden Bay writer Gerard Hindmarsh has written about huts in some of the essays in his Kahurangi Calling, Potton and Burton, 2010, and Kahurangi Stories, Potton and Burton, 2017.

NZ huts are best understood within the context of environmental conservation and the role of humans in this fabulously beautiful, remote landscape.

  • For a quick, informative and stimulating sense of the broader landscape/environmental history of NZ, see: Michael King’s magisterial overview Penguin History of New Zealand, Penguin Books, 2012. While a 500-page book can only skim the surface of a nation’s history, this one does it very well.  For most of us, dipping into chapters selectively is more manageable than reading the entire book.  The first few chapters set the pre-historic and early history, chapter 11 on the seminal Treaty of Waitangi is useful (even more so is the Wikipedia article), and Chapter 26, land under pressure, briefly provides invaluable historical context on environmental history.
  • Wild Heart: the possibility of wilderness in Aotearoa New Zealand, edited by Mick Abbott and Richard Reeve, Otago University Press, 2011. These 17 essays by trampers, conservationists, historians, writers, scientists, and conservationists provide useful perspective on how Kiwi’s are thinking about the nature, roles, uses and protection of wilderness today.  It gives a good sense of the many ways in which wildness is “at the nation’s psychological and physical core”.
  • Environmental historian Geoff Parks’s provocative Theatre Country: essays on landscape and Whenua, Victoria University Press, 2006. The Maori word whenua means both placenta and people, and this series of essays explores how New Zealanders – indigenous and colonial — are, and are not, connected to the land they occupy.  Parks’ thinking about wilderness and landscape seems to be in the spirit of William Cronon, but with a distinctive Kiwi sensibility.   The essays range widely, discussing the historical views of landscape and the picturesque imported from British romanticism, nature tourism, and it frames New Zealand’s approach to landscape as a profoundly and misguidedly dichotomous insistence on dividing the nation into two distinct theatrical scenes, both playing out on a national stage largely outside the critical awareness of the actors: 1. the intensively cultivated 51% of the land, and 2. the highly protected, puristic notion of “wilderness” characterized by DoC’s management regime for the 33%

A few relevant websites:

  • NZ Department of Conservation  With persistent, creative  searching, this extensive website will yield a wealth of information and perspective.
  • Tramper.co.nz  – A great site for locating tracks to walk and learning about the range of tramping and huts in NZ.
  • Remote Huts  A valuable online forum for those interested in the preservation and restoration of remote huts and tracks.  Includes information about Permolat.
  • Backcountry Trust  Information about grants and projects of this remarkable hut and track maintenance program, funded in large part by DoC.
  • Facebook sites for “Shelter from the Storm”, the Backcountry Trust, and the Federated Mountain Clubs, and other groups are great for staying up to date on developments and for networking.
  • NZ Alpine Club  source for climbers and information about a network of alpine huts.
  • Wilderness Magazine , an excellent print and online publication, also has a useful website.
  •  Federated Mountain Clubs  A key outdoors organization  representing 80 clubs,  FMC is at the nexus of outdoors activity and information.  Their brief includes advocacy and information/ publishing.  Their quarterly magazine Backcountry, available in print and online, is an indispensable source of information about huts, tramping and outdoor activities generally.  Their page providing links to other websites is a great place to start exploring beyond what is listed above.  

New Zealand Backcountry Trust

New Zealand Huts Department of Conservation, Part D:

New Zealand Backcountry Trust: adopting a home in the mountains

by Sam Demas

(Note: this is part of the larger work New Zealand Huts: Notes towards a Country Study)

[I hope someday to receive pictures from BCT to include with this post]

The remarkable chain of events that engendered increased citizen involvement in hut and track maintenance is outlined in part 8 of Notes on Ten Selected Operations.  This movement in turn gave birth to an amazing pubic/private partnership, the Backcountry Trust (BCT).  BCT is one of the most exciting hut-related initiatives I encountered in NZ.  It represents the kind of cultural and governmental convergence of ideas, energies, needs and solutions that will help to carry the rich heritage of DoC huts into future generations.  The Backcountry Trust recently published a brochure with great photos and information showcasing some of their projects.

Established in 2017, the BCT grew out of grass roots hut maintenance efforts nation-wide and the resulting three year DoC funding experiment “Outdoor Recreation Consortium”.  Allocated $1,200,000 over three years to fund hut and track maintenance projects and was effectively a successful “proof of concept” project to answer the question, ” If DoC supported volunteers for biodiversity efforts, why not for huts?”.

Based on the success of projects funded by the “Outdoor Recreation Consortium”,  DoC allocated $700,000 over two years to formalize the granting process and fund three rounds of project proposals each year.  Since the inception of the “outdoor Recreation Consortium” and the efforts of its successor the BCT, volunteers have used DoC funding channeled through these organizations to restore 100 huts and over 900 km of walking and mountain biking paths.

The BCT clearly addresses a number of DoC values, including getting more people to participate in recreation, and engaging more people with conservation and valuing its benefits.

The BCT solicits grant relevant proposals of $5,000 to $20,000, providing complete applications guidelines on its website.  BCT grants officer is activist, photographer and writer Rob Brown and the six member board has two representatives from each of the three founding organizations: New Zealand Deerstalkers Association, Federated Mountain Clubs, and Trail Fund NZ.  These three organizations represent 135 clubs and 35,000 members or affiliates.  The BCT Facebook site Huts and Tracks  is one forum for passionate backcountry hut folks, and another is Remote Huts Forum and Blog.  An April 2017 post in Wilderlife by Rob Brown and Geoff Spearpoint provides a vision of the partnership.

The BCT website explains the workings of the program.  The projects page and photo gallery give a sense of the range of projects undertaken.  I especially recommend the website section quoted below, which provides links to some excellent reading on this amazing public/private partnership and how it operates an a nitty-gritty level:

Adopting a Home in the Mountains

  • Geoff Spearpoint, Rob Brown and Shaun Barnett have dedicated the final chapter of their latest Backcountry Huts Book  – A Bunk for the Night – to our vision for protecting the hut network: Preserving the Huts
  • Geoff Spearpoint has also written a practical guide to hut maintenance which gives a good idea of the type of work typically involved in these projects. If you are considering adopting a hut it is a must read: Adopting a Home in the Mountains
  • Geoff Ockwell has prepared a simple project planning spreadsheet, which gives a good idea of the materials required for a backcountry hut restoration.
  • The Backcountry Trust recently published a brochure with great photos and information showcasing some of their projects.
DoC Intentions books

Seven questions about the future of NZ huts

by Sam Demas

(Note: this is part of the larger work New Zealand Huts: Notes towards a Country Study)

Loyal, engaged and committed to the conservation estate, Kiwis with and through their agency DoC, will doubtless be intentional, and perhaps even creative, in shaping the future of their remarkable national hut system. As contemporary society evolves, what is the future of the world’s largest hut system?  Below are a few of the questions that most interest I look forward to discussing them further with hut folks.

1. Will DoC stay firm in its support of the New Zealanders experience of the New Zealand back country? Will a robust system of backcountry huts be maintained, and not sacrificed to supporting the tourist experience of huts?  Will huts remain affordable and accessible for Kiwis?  These are the concerns Kiwis overwhelmingly expressed when I asked their views about the future of NZ huts. [Interestingly, few other visions or questions were expressed about the future of huts among Kiwis I asked about this, with the exception of Mick Abbott, a fount of ideas and questions.]  My sense is that Kiwi trampers have done a fabulous job of making their concerns known and are contributing creatively to ensuring the hut future they most desire.  And my sense is that DoC is fully on board with this vision as central to the future of the hut system.  Much hard work remains to ensure this vision.

2. What is the future of front country and road-end huts? DoC seems to have come full circle in its thinking about road-end huts and is no longer committed to removing all of them. Meanwhile, DoC has inherited a significant number of baches (e.g on Rangitito Island), some of which are in proximity to urban areas (e.g. Orongorongo).  Ongoing tenure review may result in inheritance of additional structures.  How can the nation benefit from these structures?  Might they become valued infrastructure for providing urban dwellers with safe nature immersion experiences and outdoor/environmental education opportunities?  School and youth groups, church groups, and families are some of the obvious potential user groups for front country “huts” and other structures.  How can they be made secure and protected from vandalism?  Might voluntary hut wardens/environmental educators play a role?  DoC lodges, hostels and cabins, which provide greater amenities, already serve these functions.  So do some huts.  Should this become a more intentional strategy?

3. What is the future of hut siting, design, and architecture? Now that the vast DoC hut system is fully built out and seemingly on track to be well maintained, what will future hut designs look like?  [Most Kiwis I spoke with fervently hope the designs won’t change in future].  While there are not likely to be a great many new huts built in future, Mick Abbott suggests huts can be designed (or re-designed) as catalysts for change and innovation in developing skills and attitudes for living well with nature, for living lightly on the land.  What we learn in huts can be brought home to inform our daily lives.  How to build huts systems that make an area more robust, biodiverse, at scale?  Will the trend towards greater amenities in serviced huts seep into standard and basic huts?  Perhaps a series of design charrettes that stimulate creative thinking about hut design may be part of determining the future roles of huts and what that means for future hut designs?

4. Will some huts return to their origins as conservation infrastructure? Might huts see increasing use as bases for biodiversity programs (conservation huts), including pest control initiatives, reforestation, erosion control, protection and re-introduction of native species, and for “eyes on the land” in nature reserves?

5. What is the future of private involvement in huts and walks? Today NZ has approximately 30 privately operated hut systems (by comparison, the US has about 18 hut systems, all but one of which is privately operated, some for-profit and some non-profit operated by NGOs). It seems highly unlikely that private huts and walks will even begin to approach the scale of DoC huts, but I wonder what roles/niches they might fill?  The older model, e.g. Ultimate Hikes operating a parallel glamping system on Milford and Routeburn Tracks, doesn’t seem to me like a model to expand.  But DoC seems open to trying different models of public/private partnership in hut and track management to see what works.  Two of the best known are the Hump Ridge Track and the Old Ghost Road.  It will be interesting to take stock of the lessons learned from experiments in public/private partnership.

6. What directions will Maori land managers take with huts on conservation lands? As some conservation lands (i.e. some former National Parks such as Te Urewera and Paparoa) are granted a new legal status and positioned for joint management and eventual all-Maori management, how will the tangata wenhua (people of the land) ethos manifestin management of land, water and huts?   Will huts continue as traditional recreational infrastructure for trampers?  Will they be prized primarily for revenue generation, or will they also add a dimension of education and engagement with about Maori ideas and practices about human relationship to the earth?  How will the design and roles of huts change under Maori management, and what might DoC, the nation and the world learn from this?

7. Is New Zealand developing a multi-tier hut system? Andrew Buglass articulated a concern of many trampers that a two-tier system is developing, “One is extremely well resourced, risk averse, overcrowded and out of the price range….of ordinary New Zealanders. The other is basic, remote, and has a high level of community input.”  It seems to me the hut system may actually be evolving into multiple “tiers” to serve an ever more diverse range of audiences.

The growing range of huts (and their accommodations cousins: cabins, camps, baches, and lodges) is apparent when comparing, to name just a handful: the marvelous array of historic huts on the Cobb Valley Track, the huts and tracks of the Abel Tasman Great Walk, the Ghost Trail, the Rangitoto baches, the cabins, camps and lodges and the public/private Hump Ridge Track.

It is critical that the unique, traditional Kiwi backcountry hut experience be privileged and protected as the hut system evolves.  But the system will evolve along with Kiwi society.

Starting in the 1990’s, DoC began to rationalize its sprawling system of huts in ways that resulted in the present categories:

  • Great Walks Huts – catering for Backcountry Comfort Seekers (BCC);
  • Serviced and Serviced-Alpine Huts – catering for BCC or Backcountry Adventurers (BCA);
  • Standard Huts (catering for BCA)
  • Basic Huts (catering for BCA or Remoteness Seekers (RS).

These four hut categories are a subset of the seven “visitor groups” identified in the Recreational Opportunity Spectrum work reported in the 1996 “Visitor Strategy” document.  The three not applied to huts are: Short stop travelers (SST), Day Visitors (DV), and Overnighters (ON).

This sensible subset of categories appears flexible enough to encompass most uses/users of huts per se, and may serve NZ well for years to come.

However, as a thought experiment, lets imagine that DoC might in future decide to review its hut categories as part of an exercise in examining how best to address changing user groups and uses.  In such an exercise, what other uses/user groups might be considered in categorizing (and designing and operating) huts and other accommodation types?  This may involve re-visiting the original seven “visitor groups” and thinking about how huts relate to the other groups and accommodation types.  For example:

  • Recreational users: e.g. BCA and RS huts, which form the core of Kiwi tramping, hunting and fishing. Other recreational user groups, which may well bleed into BCC category, include bicyclists and boaters, kayakers, snorkelers and other marine reserve visitors.
  • Conservation volunteers: Huts used extensively for conservation work in programs designed to foster a connection with nature through hands-on work (of course there are already huts set aside for agency scientific and backcountry work purposes);
  • “Voluntourism”: (a subset of the above) huts designed to provide international tourists with an opportunity to experience NZ nature first-hand through participation in volunteer conservation projects.
  • Urban newcomers to nature: Huts catering to NZ’s increasing urban population, providing introductory nature immersion experiences and teaching outdoor skills to those who haven’t learned them;
  • Environmental/outdoor education: huts designed for use with youth groups and schools;
  • International tourist tracks: catering to foreigners who are willing to pay for a high-end recreational experience with the proceeds allocated to conservation programs and maintenance of backcountry huts, rather into the pockets of concessionaires.
  • Bach vacationers: urban and suburban Kiwis who are not up to “roughing it” in a hut, but happy to stay in pre-existing rustic accommodations inherited by DoC on the conservation estate.

Perhaps this thought experiment is an exercise in comparing apples and oranges, and perhaps it could veer into a dangerous muddling of what should remain distinct categories.  But as the uses and users of huts (and the other accommodations on the conservation estate) continues to expand, inevitably the lines will begin to blur.  The role(s) of the hut system per se will likely need to be reaffirmed and/or clarified over time.

The hut system may in fact become multi-tiered over time, but that should be a part of a deliberate, values-based decision-making process.  It should not be simply a function of mission drift and a reaction to mounting pressures (e.g. constrained budgets, tourism pressures, etc.).  If the traditional Kiwi backcountry hut experience is to be protected and privileged in future, it will be within the context of a growing diversity of hut/backcountry/outdoor experiences and accommodations.

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challenges and opportunities

Challenges and opportunities for NZ and its huts: observations and questions

Challenges and Opportunities for NZ and its Huts: observations and questions

by Sam Demas

(Note: this is part of the larger work New Zealand Huts: Notes towards a Country Study)

Note: These jottings on challenges and opportunities are one way of wrapping up loose ends and finishing this phase of my study of NZ huts, conservation, and tramping.  These are notes on topics about which I hope to learn more in future.  As observations, questions and opinions of an outsider with large gaps in his understanding NZ,  I apologize in advance for mistakes, misunderstandings, cultural arrogance, and/or naïveté; and invite elucidation, constructive criticism and alternative views.

*******

With one of the most extensive, well supported and successful hut systems in the world, what challenges and opportunities are faced by those using and operating NZ huts?

  1. Engagement: A major theme and opportunity for DoC and the tramping community today is “engagement”.  There is a groundswell of voluntary hut maintenance activity, with the Backcountry Trust as a flagship program.  As the DoC tradition of relying on conservation volunteers extends increasingly to huts and tracks, my sense is that more Kiwis will begin to use huts as infrastructure for conservation, track maintenance, outdoor education and other purposes in addition to recreation.  The DoC Director General, Lou Sansom, seems committed to and practiced at removing bureaucratic roadblocks to citizen engagement.  I heard reports of DoC rangers in the field who have come to appreciate serious voluntary hut maintenance efforts.  By working together volunteers and rangers come to realize they are on the same team.  Rangers come to recognize the good will and practical value of these voluntary efforts.  It seems the Kiwi public is very supportive of hut restoration work and increasingly values its heritage of huts and tramping.  Of course there are real challenges in organizing and managing a large-scale program of voluntary efforts, including getting a new generation of trampers involved.  There will be a series of tramping club centenaries over the coming decade and these seem likely to generate further “engagement”, a long tradition of NZ tramping clubs.  In addition, clubs are no longer the exclusive gate-keepers for new trampers, and DoC will likely find ways of working with a new generation of trampers.
  2. Realizing ambitious goals: Many New Zealanders appear to have embraced mottos such as “100% Pure” and “Clean and Green” as proclamations of the nation’s environmental consciousness.  On the other hand, many Kiwi’s suggest this is primarily about public relations and that much more substance is needed to justify these claims.  DoC has announced a number of amazingly ambitious goals (e.g. “Predator free by 2050”, “Restoring the dawn chorus”), and has injected a highly controversial/divisive program of using of the pesticide 1080 to advance these programs.  In the huts arena, caring for the world’s largest collection of backcountry huts, along with the Great Walks-style accommodations is a major challenge.  Fortunately DoC appears to have widespread public support for its mission and programs.

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New Zealand Tramping Culture: questions for further study

(Note: this is part of the larger work New Zealand Huts: Notes towards a Country Study)

The unique features of NZ extremely robust tramping cultures grew out of: the nation’s colonial history and its pioneer and exploring culture; the close connection of its people to the land; the valorizing of versatility, self-sufficiency and individualism; the unparalleled scenery; the great number and diversity of tramping clubs; an egalitarian outdoors culture; an ethos of access to crown lands as a civic right; a preference for simplicity and eschewing of “flash” amenities; a sense of tramping as a social experience and of huts as a key component and connection to heritage; a well-developed publishing industry; and of course the remarkable government operated infrastructure of huts and tracks.  These (and other) roots and causes are explored in Tramping: a New Zealand History (Potton and Burton, 2014) by Shaun Barnett and Chris Maclean, and in many other publications adding detail and nuance.  Tramping remains a major national pastime today and is increasingly an antidote to urban life.

I hope to learn more about how tramping is evolving in the 21st century in response to societal changes and needs. Specifically, I’d like to explore current trends and issues on the following topics to make cross-cultural comparisons and understand better what the USA might learn from NZ tramping culture:

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Private Huts

Private Huts in New Zealand: questions and reflections

(Note: this is part of the larger work New Zealand Huts: Notes towards a Country Study)

Privately owned and operated huts in New Zealand have not been studied, except by Walter Hirsh, who identified 25 private walking tracks in 2007. My interest in these private tracks was piqued at the end of my 2018 visit when I walked two of the best established, the Banks Peninsula Track and the Tuatapere Hump Ridge Track. I realized that American backcountry entrepreneurs might be able to learn something from these New Zealand small businesses. While I don’t have time to write reports on the two private walks I took, they stimulated some of the questions noted below.

While the privately owned and operated NZ hut systems are dwarfed by the single government operated system of 962 huts, these small business enterprises may resonate with the intensely capitalistic inclinations of Americans. In the U.S. there are 17 hut systems (comprising about 105 huts), of which two systems (comprising 8 huts) are operated by the federal government (one, in Yosemite National Park, as a concession). Twelve of the 15 other hut systems are privately operated as small business enterprises, mostly on government lands.

How many private walking tracks exist in New Zealand, what forms do they take and how are they doing? How do they survive in a nation with so many comparatively inexpensive huts? Is the notion of private huts compatible with Kiwi culture and what are their prospects for the future? What might we in the USA learn about and from NZ private huts? These are a few of the questions I’d like to explore in more detail in future. Following are some observations, reflections and questions that will guide my explorations on a return trip.

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